Eli Lilly and Company recently presented groundbreaking data from its Phase 1b Heart-2 study, demonstrating that a single dose of VERVE-102 could transform how we treat severe cholesterol disorders. Unveiled at the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Congress and simultaneously published in The New England Journal of Medicine, the findings offer a glimpse into a future where cardiovascular care shifts from daily pills to a one-time genetic edit.
VERVE-102 is an investigational in vivo base editing medicine designed to durably turn off the PCSK9 gene in the liver. People with naturally occurring mutations that turn off this specific gene have low LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) for life and are remarkably protected against heart attacks. VERVE-102 aims to mimic this natural protective effect.
What is VERVE-102?
The treatment works by delivering a messenger RNA (mRNA) and a guide RNA encapsulated within a specialized lipid nanoparticle directly to the liver. Instead of making large cuts in the DNA double helix, this base-editing approach changes just a single letter in the genetic code, turning off the targeted gene without breaking the DNA strand.
The Heart-2 Trial: Key Results
The ongoing Heart-2 trial is evaluating VERVE-102 in adults diagnosed with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) or premature coronary artery disease (CAD)—conditions that cause lifelong elevations in “bad” cholesterol.
In an interim analysis of 35 participants given a single intravenous infusion, VERVE-102 yielded dramatic, dose-dependent reductions in both the PCSK9 protein and LDL-C levels:
| Dose Level (mg/kg) | Reduction in PCSK9 Protein | Reduction in LDL-C |
| 0.3 | 51% | 9% |
| 0.6 | – | 45% |
| 0.8 | – | 51% |
| 1.0 (Highest) | 88% | 62% |
Crucially, these reductions were not fleeting. Lilly reported that the cholesterol-lowering effects were sustained for up to 18 months following treatment.
Moving Away From Chronic Management
High cholesterol is an undisputed driver of coronary artery disease, which affects over 300 million people worldwide and remains a leading cause of death. Currently, patients rely on chronic, daily medications like statins or frequent injections to manage their lipid levels. Unfortunately, real-world adherence to these regimens is notoriously poor.
“Many patients with elevated LDL-C struggle to achieve sustained control despite ongoing efforts with the medicines available today,” noted Riyaz S. Patel, M.D., a cardiologist at Barts Health NHS Trust. “The need for new approaches is real.”
By offering a “one-and-done” treatment, VERVE-102 bypasses the hurdle of patient adherence entirely.
Safety and Next Steps
Safety is a critical hurdle for any genetic medicine. The Heart-2 trial data indicated that VERVE-102 was generally well-tolerated across all tested dose levels. There were no treatment-related serious adverse events or dose-limiting toxicities. The reported side effects were primarily mild, such as low-grade infusion-related reactions and fatigue.
Armed with these positive results, Eli Lilly plans to move forward aggressively. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has already granted VERVE-102 Fast Track designation, and Lilly expects to begin enrolling patients for a Phase 2 clinical study by the end of 2026.