Loneliness, formerly thought to be a problem unique to developed countries, has recently been designated as a significant global health threat by the World Health Organization (WHO).
The intensity of this issue has been compared to smoking 15 cigarettes a day by the US Surgeon General, Dr Vivek Murthy. The declaration comes in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which not only disrupted economic and social activities but also increased levels of loneliness all over the world.
This revelation necessitates a rethinking of the narrative surrounding loneliness
Dr Murthy debunks the myth that loneliness only affects specific demographics, revealing that one in every four older individuals worldwide experiences social isolation. This revelation necessitates a rethinking of the narrative surrounding loneliness, viewing it as a global concern rather than a localized one.
In a landmark study published in the journal Psychological Science, researchers shed light on an intriguing phenomenon: the loneliness curve. Contrary to popular belief, loneliness does not go in a straight line; rather, it takes the form of a U, weaving through the lives of people from all walks of life. Beginning in the turbulent phase of young adulthood, when the search for identity clashes with societal standards, loneliness develops as an enormous challenge.
However, as people overcome the challenges of midlife, they have a period of relief marked by a reduction in reported loneliness. However, this respite is temporary, resulting in a resurgence of loneliness in later life, particularly around the age of 80. So, why do we go through these emotional rollercoasters?
According to The New York Times, experts such as Dr. Eileen K. Graham of Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine believe that social relationships are important. When we are in our prime adult years, we are frequently surrounded by friends, family, and coworkers, which can assist in alleviating feelings of isolation. However, as we get older, such relationships tend to weaken, leaving us feeling alienated and alone.
Loneliness poses mortality risks comparable to the act of smoking
In the study, which reviewed data waves spanning multiple decades from the 1980s to 2018, participants at either end of the age spectrum were more likely to agree with statements such as “I miss having people around me” or “My social relationships are superficial.”
Surgeon General Murthy likens social contact to a muscle that requires frequent workouts. When we do not use our social muscles sufficiently, they begin to deteriorate, making it even more difficult to interact with people. With so much of our conversation taking place on screens these days, it’s easy to understand how our social muscles are becoming a little weak.
Dr. Murthy’s analogy: Loneliness poses mortality risks comparable to the act of smoking, “Loneliness is far more than just a bad feeling—it harms both individual and societal health. It is associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease, dementia, stroke, depression, anxiety, and premature death. The mortality impact of being socially disconnected is similar to that caused by smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day and even greater than that associated with obesity and physical inactivity. And the harmful consequences of a society that lacks social connection can be felt in our schools, workplaces, and civic organizations, where performance, productivity, and engagement are diminished.”
Unlike popular opinion, loneliness is not limited to the old. Young adults aged 19 to 29 have the highest rates of loneliness, with 27% reporting feeling extremely or very lonely. This sheds light on the often-overlooked problems that the younger generation faces while forming meaningful social bonds.
Loneliness affects 5% to 15% of adolescents worldwide, with percentages varying by continent. In Africa, where young people make up the bulk of the population, difficulties such as peace and security, and high unemployment rates all contribute to social isolation. Loneliness among young people not only leads to mental health problems, but it also has an impact on educational and employment prospects.
Loneliness has an impact on education and employment in addition to emotional well-being. Young people who feel lonely in school are more likely to drop out of university. Furthermore, the consequences extend into the working world, where feelings of detachment and a lack of support can lead to worse job satisfaction and performance.
